Dr Stefan Engels
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Overview
Overview
Biography
I am a Lecturer in Physical and Environmental Geography and I teach modules at both undergraduate and postgraduate level. For example, I convene the module Introduction to Environmental Science which is part of year 1 of our undergraduate program 'Environment & Sustainability', as well as the post-graduate module Environmental Science for Environmental Management.
My research focusses on the study of natural archives such as lake sediment records and peat bogs to reconstruct climate change and ecosystem dynamics on time-scales ranging from the previous interglacial (ca 125 thousand years ago) to the present.
Highlights
Reinig et al. (2021) Precise date for the Laacher See eruption synchronizes the Younger Dryas. Nature 595: 66-69
Engels et al. (2020) Temperature change as a driver of spatial patterns and long-term trends in chironomid (Insecta: Diptera) diversity. Global Change Biology 26: 1155-1169
Qualifications
- PhD, VU University Amsterdam, 2008
- MSc, Utrecht University, 2003
- Fellow, Higher Education Academy, 2018
Administrative responsibilities
- Chair of the Sub-Board of Examiners (UG Geography)
- Research Cluster lead (Environment, Landscape and Climate Change)
ORCID
0000-0002-2078-0361 -
Research
Research
Research interests
- Palaeoecology
- Quaternary geology
- Biodiversity
- Climate change
Research overview
My research focusses on the reconstruction of climate and landscape dynamics from the previous interglacial through the last ice-age and to the present. I use biological indicators stored in lake sediment records to learn more about changes in the environment and I specialise in the analysis of subfossil chironomid (non-biting midge) remains. My research sites range from the circum-Atlantic region to other parts of the world, including Malaysia and Iraq. I am interested in the learning more about natural processes such as transitions from ice-ages to interglacials, in human impacts on the landscape, in the timing and structure of ecosystem response to external forcing and in biodiversity dynamics across a range of time-scales.
Research Centres and Institutes
- member, Birkbeck Research Centre for Environment and Sustainability
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Supervision and teaching
Supervision and teaching
Supervision
Teaching
Teaching modules
- Introduction to Environmental Science (SSGE008S4)
- Environmental Science for Environmental Management (SSGE025S7)
- Climate and Society: past, present and future (SSGE125S6)
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Publications
Publications
Article
- Zeng, L. and Engels, Stefan and Cao, Y. and Huang, X. and Chen, X. (2024) Divergent sensitivity of primary producers and benthic invertebrates to hydrological alteration in floodplain lakes. Anthropocene 47 (100441), ISSN 2213-3054.
- Zeng, L. and Engels, Stefan and Swann, G.E.A. and Chen, X. and Huang, X. and Cao, Y. and McGowan, S. (2024) Dual impacts of hydrology and damming on eutrophication: comparison of two Ramsar wetlands in the middle Yangtze floodplain. Journal of Hydrology 641 (131839), ISSN 0022-1694.
- Engels, Stefan and Lane, C.S. and Hoek, W.Z. and Baneschi, I. and Bouwman, A. and Brogan, E. and Bronk Ramsey, C. and Collins, J. and de Bruijn, R. and Haliuc, A. and Heiri, O. and Hubay, K. and Jones, G. and Jones, V. and Laug, A. and Merkt, J. and Muschitiello, F. and Müller, M. and Peters, T. and Peterse, F. and Pueschel, A. and Staff, R.A. and ter Schure, A. and Turner, F. and van den Bos, V. and Wagner-Cremer, F. (2024) Biodiversity responses to Lateglacial climate change in the subdecadally-resolved record of Lake Hämelsee (Germany). Quaternary Science Reviews 331 (108634), ISSN 0277-3791.
- Briant, Rebecca M. and Jotheri, J. and Al-Ameri, Ismael and Ahmad, A. and Bateman, M. and Engels, Stefan and Garzanti, E. and Nymark, A. and Reynolds, Tim (2024) Disentangling late quaternary fluvial and climatic drivers of palaeohydrological change in the Najaf Sea basin, Western Iraq. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms ISSN 0197-9337.
- Reinig, F. and Wacker, L. and Jöris, O. and Oppenheimer, C. and Guidobaldi, G. and Nievergelt, D. and Adolphi, F. and Cherubini, P. and Engels, Stefan and Esper, J. and Keppler, F. and Land, A. and Lane, C. and Pfanz, H. and Remmele, S. and Sigl, M. and Sookdeo, A. and Büntgen, U. (2023) Reply to: Possible magmatic CO2 influence on the Laacher See eruption date. Nature 619 (7968), pp. E3-E8. ISSN 0028-0836.
- Engels, Stefan and Lane, C.S. and Haliuc, A. and Hoek, W.Z. and Muschitiello, F. and Baneschi, I. and Bouwman, A. and Bronk Ramsey, C. and Collins, J. and de Bruijn, R. and Heiri, O. and Hubay, K. and Jones, G. and Laug, A. and Merkt, J. and Mueller, M. and Peters, T. and Peterse, F. and Staff, R.A. and ter Schure, A.T.M. and Turner, F. and van den Bos, V. and Wagner-Cremer, R. (2022) Synchronous vegetation response to the last glacial-interglacial transition in northwest Europe. Communications Earth & Environment 3, pp. 130. ISSN 2662-4435.
- Laug, A. and Haberzettl, T. and Pannes, A. and Schwarz, A. and Turner, F. and Wang, J. and Engels, Stefan and Rigterink, S. and Boerner, S. and Ahlborn, M. and Ju, J. and Schwalb, A. (2021) Holocene paleoenvironmental change inferred from two sediment cores collected in the Tibetan lake Taro Co. Journal of Paleolimnology 66, pp. 171-186. ISSN 0921-2728.
- Reinig, F. and Wacker, L. and Joris, O. and Oppenheimer, C. and Guidobaldi, G. and Nievergelt, D. and Adolphi, F. and Cherubini, P. and Engels, Stefan and Esper, J. and Land, A. and Lane, C. and Pfanz, H. and Remmele, S. and Sigl, M. and Sookdeo, A. and Buntgen, U. (2021) Precise date for the Laacher See eruption synchronizes the Younger Dryas. Nature 595, pp. 66-69. ISSN 0028-0836.
- Engels, Stefan (2021) The influence of Holocene forest dynamics on the chironomid fauna of a boreal lake (Flocktjärn, northeast Sweden). Boreas 50 (2), pp. 519-534. ISSN 0300-9483.
- Francis, C.P. and Engels, Stefan and Matthews, I.P. and Palmer, A.P. and Timms, R.G.O. and Jourdan, A.-L. and Candy, I. (2021) A multi‐proxy record of abrupt cooling events during the Windermere Interstadial at Crudale Meadow, Orkney, UK. Journal of Quaternary Science 36 (3), pp. 325-338. ISSN 0267-8179.
- Laug, A. and Schwarz, A. and Lauterbach, S. and Engels, Stefan and Schwalb, A. (2020) Ecosystem shifts at two Mid-Holocene tipping points in the alpine Lake Son Kol (Kyrgyzstan, Central Asia). The Holocene 30 (10), pp. 1410-1419. ISSN 0959-6836.
- Laug, A. and Turner, F. and Engels, Stefan and Wang, J. and Haberzettl, T. and Ju, J. and Yu, S. and Kou, Q. and Börner, N. and Schwalb, A. (2020) Is there a common threshold to subfossil chironomid assemblages at 16 m water depth? Evidence from the Tibetan Plateau. Journal of Limnology 79 (3), ISSN 1129-5767.
- Briddon, C.L. and McGowan, S. and Metcalfe, S.E. and Panizzo, V. and Lacey, J. and Engels, Stefan and Leng, M. and Mills, K. and Shafiq, M. and Idris, M. (2020) Diatoms in a sediment core from a flood pulse wetland in Malaysia record strong responses to human impacts and hydro‐climate over the past 150 years. Geo: Geography and Environment. 7 (1), pp. e00090. ISSN 2054-4049.
- Kaufman, D. and McKay, N. and Routson, C. and Erb, M. and Davis, B. and Heiri, O. and Jaccard, S. and Tierney, J. and Dätwyler, C. and Axford, Y. and Brussel, T. and Cartapanis, O. and Chase, B. and Dawson, A. and de Vernal, A. and Engels, Stefan and Jonkers, L. and Marsicek, J. and Moffa-Sánchez, P. and Morrill, C. and Orsi, A. and Rehfeld, K. and Saunders, K. and Sommer, P.S. and Thomas, E. and Tonello, M. and Tóth, M. and Vachula, R. and Andreev, A. and Bertrand, S. and Biskaborn, B. and Bringué, M. and Brooks, S. and Caniupán, M. and Chevalier, M. and Cwynar, L. and Emile-Geay, J. and Fegyveresi, J. and Feurdean, A. and Finsinger, W. and Fortin, M.-C. and Foster, L. and Fox, M. and Gajewski, K. and Grosjean, M. and Hausmann, S. and Heinrichs, M. and Holmes, N. and Ilyashuk, B. and Ilyashuk, E. and Juggins, S. and Khider, D. and Koinig, K. and Langdon, P. and Larocque-Tobler, I. and Li, J. and Lotter, A. and Luoto, T. and Mackay, A. and Magyari, E. and Malevich, S. and Mark, B. and Massaferro, J. and Montade, V. and Nazarova, L. and Novenko, E. and Pařil, P. and Pearson, E. and Peros, M. and Pienitz, R. and Płóciennik, M. and Porinchu, D. and Potito, A. and Rees, A. and Reinemann, S. and Roberts, S. and Rolland, N. and Salonen, S. and Self, A. and Seppä, H. and Shala, S. and St-Jacques, J.-M. and Stenni, B. and Syrykh, L. and Tarrats, P. and Taylor, K. and van den Bos, V. and Velle, G. and Wahl, E. and Walker, I. and Wilmshurst, J. and Zhang, E. and Zhilich, S. (2020) A global database of Holocene paleotemperature records. Scientific Data 7 (1), ISSN 2052-4463.
- Engels, Stefan and Medeiros, A.S. and Axford, Y. and Brooks, S.J. and Heiri, O. and Luoto, T.P. and Nazarova, L. and Porinchu, D.F. and Quinlan, R. and Self, A.E. (2020) Temperature change as a driver of spatial patterns and long-term trends in chironomid (Insecta: Diptera) diversity. Global Change Biology 26 (3), pp. 1155-1169. ISSN 1354-1013.
- Reinig, F. and Cherubini, P. and Engels, Stefan and Esper, J. and Guidobaldi, G. and Joris, O. and Lane, C.S. and Nievergelt, D. and Oppenheimer, C. and Park, C. and Pfanz, H. and Riede, F. and Schmincke, H.-U. and Street, M. and Wacker, L. and Buentgen, U. (2020) Towards a dendrochronologically refined date of the Laacher See Eruption. Quaternary Science Reviews 229, pp. 106128. ISSN 0277-3791.
- Gouw-Bouman, M. and van Asch, N. and Engels, Stefan and Hoek, W. (2019) Late Holocene ecological shifts and chironomid-inferred summer temperature changes reconstructed from lake Uddelermeer, the Netherlands. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 535, ISSN 0031-0182.
- Al Ameri, I.D.S. and Briant, Rebecca M. and Engels, Stefan (2019) Drought severity and increased dust storm frequency in the Middle East: a case study from the Tigris-Euphrates alluvial plain, Central Iraq. Weather 74 (12), pp. 416-426. ISSN 1477-8696.
- Laug, A. and Hamerlik, L. and Anslan, S. and Engels, Stefan and Turner, F. and Wang, J. and Schwalb, A. (2019) Acricotopus indet. morphotype incurvatus: description and genetics of a new Orthocladiinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) larval morphotype from the Tibetan Plateau. Zootaxa 4656 (3), ISSN 1175-5326.
- Plikk, A. and Engels, Stefan and Luoto, T.P. and Nazarova, L. and Salonen, S.J. and Helmens, K.F. (2019) Chironomid-based temperature reconstruction for the Eemian Interglacial (MIS 5e) at Sokli, northeast Finland. Journal of Paleolimnology 61, pp. 355-371. ISSN 0921-2728.
- Holtvoeth, J. and Whiteside, J.H. and Engels, Stefan and Freitas, F.S. and Grice, K. and Greenwood, P. and Johnson, S. and Kendall, I. and Lengger, S.K. and Lücke, A. and Mayr, C. and Naafs, B.D.A. and Rohrssen, M. and Sepúlveda, J. (2019) The paleolimnologist's guide to compound-specific stable isotope analysis - An introduction to principles and applications of CSIA for quaternary lake sediments. Quaternary Science Reviews 207, pp. 101-133. ISSN 0277-3791.
- Helmens, K.F. and Katrantsiotis, C. and Salonen, S.J. and Shala, S. and Bos, J.A.A. and Engels, Stefan and Kuosmanen, N. and Luoto, T.P. and Väliranta, M. and Luoto, M. and Ojala, A. and Risberg, J. and Weckström, J. (2018) Warm summers and rich biotic communities during N-Hemisphere deglaciation. Global and Planetary Change 167, pp. 61-73. ISSN 0921-8181.
- Engels, Stefan and van Oostrom, R. and Cerli, C. and Dungait, J.A.J. and Jansen, B. and van Aken, J.M. and van Geel, B. and Visser, P.M. (2018) Natural and anthropogenic forcing of Holocene lake ecosystem development at Lake Uddelermeer (The Netherlands). Journal of Paleolimnology 59 (3), pp. 329-347. ISSN 0921-2728.
- Engels, Stefan and Fong, L.S.R.Z. and Chen, Q. and Leng, M.J. and McGowan, S. and Idris, M. and Rose, N.L. and Shafiq, M. and Taylor, D. and Yang, H. (2018) Historical atmospheric pollution trends in Southeast Asia inferred from lake sediment records. Environmental Pollution 235, pp. 907-917. ISSN 0269-7491.
- Van den Bos, V. and Engels, Stefan and Bohncke, S.J.P. and Cerli, C. and Jansen, B. and Kalbitz, K. and Peterse, F. and Renssen, H. and Sachse, D. (2018) Late Holocene changes in vegetation and atmospheric circulation at Lake Uddelermeer (The Netherlands) reconstructed using lipid biomarkers and compound specific δD analysis. Journal of Quaternary Science 33 (1), pp. 100-111. ISSN 0267-8179.
- Rach, O. and Engels, Stefan and Kahmen, A. and Brauer, A. and Martin-Puertas, C. and van Geel, B. and Sachse, D. (2017) Hydrological and ecological changes in western Europe between 3200 and 2000 cal years BP from lipid biomarker δD values in Lake Meerfelder Maar sediments. Quaternary Science Reviews 172, pp. 44-54. ISSN 0277-3791.
- Jones, G. and Lane, C.S. and Brauer, A. and Davies, S.M. and de Bruijn, R. and Engels, Stefan and Haliuc, A. and Hoek, W.Z. and Merkt, J. and Sachse, D. and Turner, F. and Wagner-Cremer, F. (2017) The Lateglacial to early Holocene tephrochronological record from Lake Haemelsee, Germany: a key site within the European tephra framework. Boreas 47 (1), pp. 28-40. ISSN 0300-9483.
- Engels, Stefan and Brauer, A. and Buddelmeijer, N. and Martín-Puertas, C. and Rach, O. and Sachse, D. and van Geel, B. (2016) Subdecadal-scale vegetation responses to a previously unknown late-Allerød climate fluctuation and Younger Dryas cooling at Lake Meerfelder Maar (Germany). Journal of Quaternary Science 31 (7), pp. 741-752. ISSN 0267-8179.
- Engels, Stefan and Bakker, M. and Bohncke, S.J.P. and Cerli, C. and Hoek, W.Z. and Jansen, B. and Peters, T. and Renssen, H. and Sachse, D. and van Aken, J.M. and van den Bos, V. and van Geel, B. and van Oostrom, R. and Winkels, T. and Wolma, M. (2016) Centennial-scale lake-level lowstand at Lake Uddelermeer (The Netherlands) indicates changes in moisture source region prior to the 2.8-kyr event. The Holocene 26 (7), pp. 1075-1091. ISSN 0959-6836.
- Salonen, S.J. and Verster, A.J. and Engels, Stefan and Soininen, J. and Trachsel, M. and Luoto, M. (2016) Calibrating aquatic microfossil proxies with regression-tree ensembles: Cross-validation with modern chironomid and diatom data. The Holocene 26 (7), pp. 1040-1048. ISSN 0959-6836.
- Engels, Stefan and van Geel, B. and Buddelmeijer, N. and Brauer, A. (2015) High-resolution palynological evidence for vegetation response to the Laacher See eruption from the varved record of Meerfelder Maar (Germany) and other central European records. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 221, pp. 160-170. ISSN 0034-6667.
- Helmens, K.F. and Salonen, S.J. and Plikk, A. and Engels, Stefan and Valiranta, M. and Kylander, M. and Brendryen, J. and Renssen, H. (2015) Major cooling intersecting peak Eemian Interglacial warmth in northern Europe. Quaternary Science Reviews 122, pp. 293-299. ISSN 0277-3791.
- Moreno, A. and Svensson, A. and Brooks, S.J. and Connor, S. and Engels, Stefan and Fletcher, W. and Genty, D. and Heiri, O. and Labuhn, I. and Persoiu, A. and Peyron, O. and Sadori, L. and Valero-Garces, B. and Wulf, S. and Zanchetta, G. and data, contributors (2014) A compilation of Western European terrestrial records 60-8 ka BP: towards an understanding of latitudinal climatic gradients. Quaternary Science Reviews 106, pp. 167-185. ISSN 0277-3791.
- van Geel, B. and Heijnis, H. and Charman, D.J. and Thompson, G. and Engels, Stefan (2014) Bog burst in the eastern Netherlands triggered by the 2.8 kyr BP climate event. The Holocene 24 (11), pp. 1465-1477. ISSN 0959-6836.
- van den Bos, V. and Brinkkemper, O. and Bull, I.D. and Engels, Stefan and Hakbijl, T. and Schepers, M. and van Dinter, M. and van Reenen, G. and van Geel, B. (2014) Roman impact on the landscape near castellum Fectio, The Netherlands. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 23, pp. 277-298. ISSN 0939-6314.
- Engels, Stefan and Self, A.E. and Luoto, T.P. and Brooks, S.J. and Helmens, K.F. (2014) A comparison of three Eurasian chironomid–climate calibration datasets on a W–E continentality gradient and the implications for quantitative temperature reconstructions. Journal of Paleolimnology 51, pp. 529-547. ISSN 0921-2728.
- van Geel, B. and Engels, Stefan and Martin-Puertas, C. and Brauer, A. (2013) Ascospores of the parasitic fungus Kretzschmaria deusta as rainstorm indicators during a late Holocene beech-forest phase around lake Meerfelder Maar, Germany. Journal of Paleolimnology (50), pp. 33-40. ISSN 0921-2728.
- de Boer, E.J. and Hooghiemstra, H. and Vincent Florens, F.B. and Baider, C. and Engels, Stefan and Dakos, V. and Blaauw, M. and Bennett, K. (2013) Rapid succession of plant associations on the small ocean island of Mauritius at the onset of the Holocene. Quaternary Science Reviews 68, pp. 114-125. ISSN 0277-3791.
- Bos, J.A.A. and Verbruggen, F. and Engels, Stefan and Crombe, P. (2013) The influence of environmental changes on local and regional vegetation patterns at Rieme (NW Belgium): implications for Final Palaeolithic habitation. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 22, pp. 17-38. ISSN 0939-6314.
- Engels, Stefan and Cwynar, L.C. and Rees, A.B.H. and Shuman, B.N. (2012) Chironomid-based water depth reconstructions: an independent evaluation of site-specific and local inference models. Journal of Paleolimnology 48, pp. 693-709. ISSN 0921-2728.
- Cwynar, L.C. and Rees, A.B.H. and Pedersen, C. and Engels, Stefan (2012) Depth distribution of chironomids and an evaluation of site-specific and regional lake-depth inference models: a good model gone bad?. Journal of Paleolimnology 48, pp. 517-533. ISSN 0921-2728.
- Engels, Stefan and van Geel, B. (2012) The effects of changing solar activity on climate: contributions from palaeoclimatological studies. Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate 2 (A09), pp. 1-9. ISSN 2115-7251.
- Helmens, K.F. and Valiranta, M. and Engels, Stefan and Shala, S. (2012) Large shifts in vegetation and climate during the Early Weichselian (MIS 5d-c) inferred from multi-proxy evidence at Sokli (northern Finland). Quaternary Science Reviews 41, pp. 22-38. ISSN 0277-3791.
- Van Meerbeeck, C. and Renssen, H. and Roche, D. and Wohlfarth, B. and Bohncke, S.J.P. and Bos, J.A.A. and Engels, Stefan and Helmens, K.F. and Sanchez-Goni, M.F. and Svensson, A. and Vandenberghe, J. (2011) The nature of MIS 3 stadial-interstadial transitions in Europe: New insights from model-data comparisons. Quaternary Science Reviews 30, pp. 3618-3637. ISSN 0277-3791.
- Engels, Stefan and Cwynar, L.C. (2011) Changes in fossil chironomid remains along a depth gradient: evidence for common faunal thresholds within lakes. Hydrobiologia 665, pp. 15-38. ISSN 0018-8158.
- Wohlfarth, H. and Alexanderson, H. and Ampel, L. and Bennike, O. and Engels, Stefan and Johnsen, T. and Lundqvist, J. and Reimer, P. (2011) Pilgrimstad revisited – a multi-proxy reconstruction of Early/Middle Weichselian climate and environment at a key site in central Sweden. Boreas 40 (2), pp. 211-230. ISSN 0300-9483.
- Engels, Stefan and Helmens, K.F. and Valiranta, M. and Brooks, S.J. and Birks, H.J.B. (2010) Early Weichselian (MIS 5d and 5c) temperatures and environmental changes in northern Fennoscandia as recorded by chironomids and macroremains at Sokli, northeast Finland. Boreas 39 (4), pp. 689-704. ISSN 0300-9483.
- Helmens, K.F. and Engels, Stefan (2010) Ice-free conditions in eastern Fennoscandia during early Marine Isotope Stage 3: lacustrine records. Boreas 39 (2), pp. 399-409. ISSN 0300-9483.
- Valiranta, M. and Birks, H.H. and Helmens, K.F. and Engels, Stefan and Piirainen, M. (2009) Early Weichselian interstadial (MIS 5c) summer temperatures were higher than today in northern Fennoscandia. Quaternary Science Reviews 28 (9-10), pp. 777-782. ISSN 0277-3791.
- Engels, Stefan and Bohncke, S.J.P. and Heiri, O. and Schaber, K. and Sirocko, F. (2008) The lacustrine sediment record of Oberwinkler Maar (Eifel, Germany): Chironomid and macro-remain-based inferences of environmental changes during Oxygen Isotope Stage 3. Boreas 37 (3), pp. 414-425. ISSN 0300-9483.
- Engels, Stefan and Bohncke, S.J.P. and Bos, J.A.A. and Brooks, S.J. and Heiri, O. and Helmens, K.F. (2008) Chironomid-based palaeotemperature estimates for northeast Finland during Oxygen Isotope Stage 3. Journal of Paleolimnology 40, pp. 49-61. ISSN 0921-2728.
- Engels, Stefan and Bohncke, S.J.P. and Heiri, O. and Nyman, M. (2008) Intraregional variability in chironomid-inferred temperature estimates and the influence of river inundations on lacustrine chironomid assemblages. Journal of Paleolimnology 40, pp. 129-142. ISSN 0921-2728.
- Engels, Stefan and Bohncke, S.J.P. and Bos, J.A.A. and Heiri, O. and Vandenberghe, J. and Wallinga, J. (2008) Environmental inferences and chironomid-based temperature reconstructions from fragmentary records of the Weichselian Early Glacial and Pleniglacial periods in the Niederlausitz area (eastern Germany). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 260 (3-4), pp. 405-416. ISSN 0031-0182.
- Bohncke, S.J.P. and Bos, J.A.A. and Engels, Stefan and Heiri, O. and Kasse, C. (2008) Rapid climatic events as recorded in Middle Weichselian thermokarst lake sediments. Quaternary Science Reviews 27 (1-2), pp. 162-174. ISSN 0277-3791.
- Helmens, K.F. and Bos, J.A.A. and Engels, Stefan and Van Meerbeeck, C. and Bohncke, S.J.P. and Renssen, H. and Heiri, O. and Brooks, S.J. and Seppa, H. and Birks, H.J.B. and Wohlfarth, B. (2007) Present-day temperatures in northern Scandinavia during the Last Glaciation. Geology 35 (11), pp. 987-990. ISSN 0091-7613.
- Heiri, O. and Cremer, H. and Engels, Stefan and Hoek, W. and Peeters, W. and Lotter, A.F. (2007) Late-Glacial summer temperatures in the Northwest European lowlands: a new chironomid record from Hijkermeer, the Netherlands. Quaternary Science Reviews 26 (19-21), pp. 2420-2437. ISSN 0277-3791.
Book Section
- Engels, Stefan and Whitehouse, N.J. (2023) Insects as palaeoenvironmental and archaeological indicators. In: Pollard, A.M. and Armitage, R.A. and Makarewicz, C.A. (eds.) Handbook of Archaeological Sciences. Wiley. pp. 187-210. ISBN 9781119592082.