Dr Tim Reynolds
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Overview
Overview
Biography
Tim Reynolds has worked at Birkbeck since 2003. Before that he was County Archaeologist for Cambridgeshire and also taught for the University of Cambridge Extra-Mural Board. He had previously been a lecturer in archaeology at the University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. He works on the archaeology of Neanderthals and modern human origins. He has a specific interest in lithic technology and human adaptation.
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Research
Research
Research overview
I have always been interested in the relationship between Neanderthals and Modern humans and why it is modern humans survived when Neanderthals became extinct. This has become ever more intriguing with new evidence for contemporary human species such as the ‘Hobbits’ and Denisovans. Is there a single development behind modern human success around the globe or should it be linked to local adaptations. Is it fruitful to talk of ‘behavioural modernity’?
Exploring human behaviour and adaptation through their technology allows me to investigate some of these issues.
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Supervision and teaching
Supervision and teaching
Supervision
My previous PhD students have studied topics as diverse as evidence for pollution from ancient mining to the role of metaphor in Ancient Egyptian texts but I am keen to supervise students working in areas related to lithic technology, early prehistory, experimental archaeology and landscape archaeology.
Current doctoral researchers
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MYRA LARA
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ROBERT COWIE
Doctoral alumni since 2013-14
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RUPERT KNIGHT
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ANDREAS JENSEN
Teaching
I am the award co-ordinator for the Cert HE in Archaeology and History. I teach archaeological methods and practice for both the Cert HE and BA, Human Evolution on the Cert HE and the organisation of Archaeology in Britain for the Archaeology MA.
Teaching modules
- London: Places, Objects, Ideas (SC03015S3)
- Material Worlds (SSHC353S7)
- Discovering Archaeology: From Field to Finds Room (SSHC406S4)
- Beginnings: The Archaeology of Prehistory (SSHC435S5)
- Archaeological Landscapes (SSHC517S6)
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Publications
Publications
Article
- Briant, Rebecca M. and Jotheri, J. and Al-Ameri, Ismael and Ahmad, A. and Bateman, M. and Engels, Stefan and Garzanti, E. and Nymark, A. and Reynolds, Tim (2024) Disentangling late quaternary fluvial and climatic drivers of palaeohydrological change in the Najaf Sea basin, Western Iraq. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms ISSN 0197-9337.
- Hunt, C.O. and Pomeroy, E. and Reynolds, Tim and Tilby, E. and Barker, G. (2023) Shanidar et ses fleurs? Reflections on the palynology of the Neanderthal ‘Flower Burial’ hypothesis. Journal of Archaeological Science 159, ISSN 0305-4403.
- Kabukcu, C. and Hunt, C. and Hill, E. and Pomeroy, E. and Reynolds, Tim and Barker, G. and Asouti, E. (2022) Cooking in caves: Palaeolithic carbonised plant food remains from Franchthi and Shanidar. Antiquity: A Review of World Archaeology ISSN 0003-598X.
- Reynolds, Tim and Hunt, C. and Hill, E. and Tilby, E. and Pomeroy, E. and Burke, A. and Barker, G. (2022) Le Moustérien du Zagros : le panorama depuis la grotte de Shanidar. The Zagros Mousterian : the view from Shanidar Cave. L'Anthropologie 126 (3), pp. 103045. ISSN 0003-5521.
- Pomeroy, E. and Hunt, C.O. and Reynolds, Tim and Abdulmutalb, D. and Asouti, E. and Bennett, P. and Bosch, M. and Burke, A. and Farr, L. and Foley, R. and French, C. and Frumkin, A. and Goldberg, P. and Hill, E. and Kabukcu, C. and Mirazón Lahr, M. and Lane, R. and Marean, C. and Maureille, B. and Mutri, G. and MIller, C.E. and Mustafa, K.A. and Nymark, A. and Pettitt, P. and Sala, N. and Sandgathe, D. and Stringer, C. and Tilby, E. and Barker, B. (2020) Issues of theory and method in the analysis of Paleolithic mortuary behavior: a view from Shanidar Cave. Evolutionary Anthropology 29 (5), pp. 263-279. ISSN 1060-1538.
- Pomeroy, E and Bennett, P and Hunt, C.O. and Reynolds, Tim and Farr, L and Frouin, M and Holman, J and Lane, R and French, C and Barker, G (2020) New Neanderthal remains associated with the ‘Flower Burial’ at Shanidar Cave, Iraqi Kurdistan. Antiquity: A Review of World Archaeology 94 (373), pp. 11-26. ISSN 0003-598X.
- Reynolds, Tim (2018) Which way to turn? Is the Haua Fteah a Levantine site?. Libyan Studies 49, pp. 7-19. ISSN 0263-7189.
- Reynolds, Tim and Farr, L. and Hill, E. and Hunt, C. and Jones, S. and Gratuze, B. and Nymark, A. and Abdulmutalb, D. and Barker, G. (2018) Shanidar Cave and the Baradostian, a Zagros Aurignacian industry. L'Anthropologie ISSN 0003-5521.
- Pomeroy, E. and Mirazon Lahr, M. and Crivellaro, F. and Farr, L. and Reynolds, Tim and Hunt, C. and Barker, G. (2017) Newly-discovered Neanderthal remains from Shanidar Cave, Iraqi Kurdistan, and their attribution to Shanidar 5. Journal of Human Evolution 111, pp. 102-118. ISSN 0047-2484.
- Hunt, C.O. and Hill, E. and Reynolds, Tim and Abdulmutalb, D. and Farr, L. and Lane, R. and Szabo, K. and Barker, G. (2017) An incised shell object from Baradostian (Early Upper Palaeolithic) layers in Shanidar Cave, Iraqi Kurdistan. Journal of Archaeological Science 14, pp. 318-322. ISSN 0305-4403.
- Rabett, R. and Ludgate, N. and Stimpson, C. and Hill, E. and Hunt, C. and Ceron, J. and Farr, L. and Morley, M. and Reynolds, Tim and Zukswert, H. and Simpson, D. and Nyiri, B. and Verhoeven, M. and Appleby, J. and Meneely, J. and Phan, L. and Dong, N.-N. and Lloyd-Smith, L. and Hawkes, J. and Blyth, A. and Cao Tan, N. (2017) Tropical limestone forest resilience during MIS-2: implications for Pleistocene foraging & modern conservation. Quaternary International 448, pp. 62-81. ISSN 1040-6182.
- Inglis, R. and French, C. and Hunt, C. and Reynolds, Tim and Barker, G. (2017) Sediment micromorphology and site formation processes during the middle to later Stone Ages at the Haua Fteah Cave, Cyrenaica, Libya. Geoarchaeology 33 (3), pp. 328-348. ISSN 0883-6353.
- Reynolds, Tim and Boismeir, W. and Farr, L. and Hunt, C. and Abdulmutalb, D. and Barker, G. (2015) New investigations at Shanidar Cave, Iraqi Kurdistan. Antiquity: A Review of World Archaeology 348, ISSN 0003-598X.
- Jacobs, Z. and Farr, L. and Hill, E. and Hunt, C. and Jones, S. and Rabett, R. and Reynolds, Tim and Roberts, R. and Simpson, D. and Barker, G. (2014) The chronostratigraphy of the Haua Fteah cave (Cyrenaica, northeast Libya) — optical dating of early human occupation during Marine Isotope Stages 4, 5 and 6. Journal of Human Evolution 66, pp. 39-63. ISSN 0047-2484.
- Douka, K. and Jacobs, Z. and Lane, C. and Grün, R. and Farr, L. and Hunt, C. and Inglis, R.H. and Reynolds, Tim and Albert, P. and Aubert, M. and Cullen, V. and Hill, E. and Kinsley, L. and Roberts, R.G. and Tomlinson, E.L. and Wulf, S. and Barker, G. (2014) The chronostratigraphy of the Haua Fteah cave (Cyrenaica, northeast Libya). Journal of Human Evolution 66, pp. 39-63. ISSN 0047-2484.
- Reynolds, Tim (2013) The Middle Palaeolithic of Cyrenaica: is there an Aterian at the Haua Fteah and does it matter?. Quaternary International 300, pp. 171-181. ISSN 1040-6182.
- Reynolds, Tim (2012) The stone industry from Gua Sireh. Sarawak Museum Journal 91, pp. 89-106. ISSN 0375-3050.
- Hunt, C.O. and Reynolds, Tim and el Rishi, H.A. and Buzian, A. and Hill, E. and Barker, G. (2011) Resource pressure and environmental change on the North African littoral: epipalaeolithic to Roman gastropods from Cyrenaica, Libya. Quaternary International 244 (1), pp. 15-26. ISSN 1040-6182.
- Rabett, R. and Appleby, J. and Blyth, A. and Farr, L. and Gallou, A. and Griffiths, T. and Hawkes, J. and Marcus, D. and Marlow, L. and Morley, M. and Tâń, N.C. and Son, N.V. and Penkman, K.E.H. and Reynolds, Tim and Stimpson, C. and Szabó, K. (2011) Inland shell midden site-formation: investigation into a late Pleistocene to early Holocene midden from Tràng An, Northern Vietnam. Quaternary International 239 (1-2), pp. 153-169. ISSN 1040-6182.
- Hunt, C.O. and Davison, J. and Inglis, R. and Farr, L. and Reynolds, Tim and Simpson, D. and el Rishi, H.A. and Barker, G. (2010) Site formation processes in caves: the Holocene sediments of the Haua Fteah, Cyrenaica, Libya. Journal of Archaeological Science 37 (7), pp. 1600-1611. ISSN 0305-4403.
- Barker, G. and Antoniadou, A. and Armitage, S. and Brooks, I. and Candy, I. and Connell, K. and Drake, N. and Farr, L. and Hunt, C. and Inglis, R. and Jones, S. and Morales, J. and Morley, I. and Mutri, G. and Rabett, R. and Reynolds, Tim and Simpson, P. and Twati, M. and White, K. (2010) The Cyrenaican prehistory project 2010: the fourth season of investigations of the Haua Fteah cave and its landscape, and further results from the 2007-2009 fieldwork. Libyan Studies 41, pp. 63-88. ISSN 0263-7189.
- Barker, G. and Antoniadou, A. and Barton, H. and Brooks, I. and Candy, I. and Drake, N. and Farr, L. and Hunt, C. and Abdulsaid Abdulhamid, I. and Inglis, R. and Jones, S. and Morales, J. and Morley, I. and Mutri, G. and Rabett, R. and Reynolds, Tim and Simpson, D. and Twati, M. and White, K. (2009) The Cyrenaican prehistory project: the third season of investigations of the Haua Fteah cave and its landscape, and further results from the 2007-2008 fieldwork. Libyan Studies 40, pp. 55-94. ISSN 0263-7189.
- Rabett, R. and Barker, G. and Hunt, C. and Naruse, T. and Piper, P. and Raddatz, E. and Reynolds, Tim and Nguyen, V.S. and Stimpson, C. and Szabo, K. and Nguyen, C.T. and Wilson, J. (2009) The Trang An Project: late-to-post-Pleistocene settlement of the Lower Song Hong Valley, North Vietnam. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 19 (1), pp. 83-109. ISSN 1356-1863.
- Barker, G. and Basell, L. and Brooks, L. and Burn, L. and Cartwright, C. and Cole, F. and Davison, J. and Farr, L. and Grün, R. and Hamilton, R. and Hunt, C. and Inglis, R. and Jacobs, Z. and Leitch, V. and Morales, J. and Morley, I. and Morley, M. and Pawley, S. and Pryor, A. and Reynolds, Tim and Hwedi, e-R. and Roberts, R. and Simpson, D. and Twati, M. and van der Veen, M. (2008) The Cyrenaican prehistory project 2008: the second season of investigations of the Haua Fteah cave and its landscape, and further results from the initial (2007) fieldwork. Libyan Studies 39, pp. 175-221. ISSN 0263-7189.
- Barker, G. and Barton, H. and Bird, M. and Daly, P. and Datan, I. and Dykes, A. and Farr, L. and Gilbertson, D. and Harrisson, B. and Hunt, C.O. and Higham, T. and Kealhofer, L. and Krigbaum, J. and Lewis, H. and McLaren, S. and Paz, V. and Pike, A. and Piper, P. and Pyatt, B. and Rabett, R. and Reynolds, Tim and Rose, J. and Rushworth, G. and Stephens, M. and Stringer, C. and Thompson, J. and Turney, C. (2007) The `human revolution' in lowland tropical Southeast Asia: the antiquity and behavior of anatomically modern humans at Niah Cave (Sarawak, Borneo). Journal of Human Evolution 52 (3), pp. 243 - 261. ISSN 0047-2484.
- Barker, G. and Hunt, C. and Reynolds, Tim and Brooks, I. (2007) The Haua Fteah, Cyrenaica (Northeast Libya): renewed investigations of the cave and its landscape. Libyan Studies 38, pp. 93-114. ISSN 0263-7189.
- Reynolds, Tim (2007) Problems in the stone age of south-east Asia revisited. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 73, pp. 39-58. ISSN 0079-497X.
- Reynolds, Tim (1993) Problems in the stone age of south-east Asia. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 59, pp. 1-15. ISSN 0079-497X.
Book Section
- Jones, S. and Antoniadou, A. and Barton, H. and Drake, N. and Farr, L. and Hunt, C. and Inglis, R. and Reynolds, Tim and White, K. and Barker, G. (2016) Patterns of hominin occupation and cultural diversity across the Gebel Akhdar of Northern Libya over the last ~200 ka. In: Jones, S.C. and Stewart, B.A. (eds.) Africa from MIS 6‐2: population dynamics and paleoenvironments. Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology. Dortrecht, Germany: Springer. pp. 77-99. ISBN 9789401775199.
- Barker, G. and Gilbertson, D. and Reynolds, Tim (2016) The Niah Caves: rainforest histories and world heritage. In: Barker, G. and Farr, L. (eds.) Archaeological investigations in the Niah Caves, Sarawak, 1954-2004. McDonald Institute Monographs. Cambridge: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research. pp. 485-499. ISBN 9781902937601.
- Barker, G. and Reynolds, Tim (2016) The Niah Caves Project: the archaeological context in 2000. In: Barker, G. and Farr, L. (eds.) Archaeological investigations in the Niah Caves, Sarawak, 1954-2004. McDonald Institute Monographs. Cambridge, UK: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research. pp. 1-18. ISBN 9781902937601.
- Piper, P. and Lewis, H. and Reynolds, Tim and McLaren, S. and Rabett, R. and Cole, F. and Szabo, K. and Farr, L. and Barker, G. (2016) The NCP Excavations in Lobang Hangus, Lobang Tulang, Gan Kira and Kain Hitam. In: Barker, G. and Farr, L. (eds.) Archaeological investigations in the Niah Caves, Sarawak, 1954-2004. McDonald Institute Monographs. Cambridge, UK: McDonald Institute Monographs. pp. 65-80. ISBN 9781902937601.
- Reynolds, Tim (2016) Lithic technologies: the West Mouth and Lobang Hangus Assemblages. In: Barker, G. and Farr, L. (eds.) Archaeological investigations in the Niah Caves, Sarawak.. McDonald Institute Monographs. Cambridge, UK: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research. pp. 251-278. ISBN 9781902937601.
- Reynolds, Tim and Boismier, W. and Farr, L. and Hunt, C. and Abdulmutalb, D. and Barker, G. (2016) New investigations at Shanidar Cave, Iraqi Kurdistan. In: Kopianas, K. and MacGinnis, J. (eds.) The Archaeology of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq and Adjacent Regions. Oxford, UK: Archaeopress. pp. 357-360. ISBN 9781784913939.
- Reynolds, Tim and Lloyd-Smith, L. and Farr, L. and Barker, G. (2016) The NCP excavations in the West Mouth. In: Barker, G. and Farr, L. (eds.) Archaeological investigations in the Niah Caves, Sarawak, 1954-2004. McDonald Institute Monographs. Cambridge, UK: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research. pp. 31-64. ISBN 9781902937601.
- Reynolds, Tim and Barker, G. (2014) Reconstructing Late Pleistocene climates, landscapes, and human activities in northern Borneo from excavations in the Niah Caves. In: Kaifu, Y. and Izuho, M. and Goebel, T. and Sato, H. and Ono, A. (eds.) Emergence and Diversity of Modern Human Behavior in Palaeolithic Asia. Texas A&M University Press. ISBN 9781623492762.
- Reynolds, Tim (2014) Possible population histories in North Cyrenaica during the MSA/Early Upper Palaeolithic. In: Boyle, K. and Rabett, R. and Hunt, C.O. (eds.) Living in the Landscape: Essays in Honour of Graeme Barker. McDonald Institute Monographs. Cambridge, UK: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research. pp. 49-58. ISBN 9781902937731.
- Reynolds, Tim (2012) The first foragers, c.45,000-38,000 years ago. In: Barker, G. (ed.) Rainforest Foraging and Farming in Island Southeast Asia: the Archaeology of the Niah Caves, Sarawak. McDonald Institute Monographs. Cambridge, UK: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research. ISBN 9781902937540.
- McLaren, S. and Reynolds, Tim (2009) Early humans in dryland environments: a geoarchaeological perspective. In: Parsons, A.J. and Abrahams, A.D. (eds.) Geomorphology of Desert Environments. Springer. pp. 773-797. ISBN 9781402057199.
- Barker, G. and Adams, R. and Creighton, O. and el-Rishi, H. and Gilbertson, D. and Grattan, J. and Hunt, C. and Newson, P. and Pyatt, B. and Reynolds, Tim (2007) Chalcolithic (c.5000 – 3600 cal. BC) and Bronze Age (c. 3600 – 1200 cal. BC) settlement in Wadi Faynan: Metallurgy and social complexity. In: Barker, G. and Gilbertson, D. and Mattingly, D. (eds.) Archaeology and Desertification. The Wadi Faynan Landscape Survey, Southern Jordan. Amman, Jordan: Council for British Research in the Levant. pp. 227-270. ISBN 9781842172865.
- McLaren, S. and Reynolds, Tim and Gilbertson, D. and Grattan, J. and Hunt, C. and el-Rishi, H. and Barker, G. (2007) Early Holocene environments and early farming c. 11, 000 – 7000 cal BP, c. 9500 – 5000 cal. BC. In: Barker, G. and Gilbertson, D. and Mattingly, D. (eds.) Archaeology and Desertification. The Wadi Faynan Landscape Survey, Southern Jordan. Amman, Jordan: Council for British Research in the Levant. pp. 199-226. ISBN 9781842172865.
- McLaren, S. and Reynolds, Tim and Gilbertson, D. and Grattan, J. and Hunt, C. and el-Rishi, H. and Barker, G. and Duller, G. (2007) Pleistocene environments and human settlement. In: Barker, G. and Gilbertson, D. and Mattingly, D. (eds.) Archaeology and Desertification. The Wadi Faynan Landscape Survey, Southern Jordan. Amman, Jordan: Council for British Research in the Levant. pp. 177-198. ISBN 9781842172865.
- Reynolds, Tim (2007) Stone tools. In: Postgate, N. and Thomas, David (eds.) Excavations at Kilese Tepe, 1994-98: From Bronze Age to Byzantine in Western Cilicia. Cambridge, UK: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research. pp. 545-558. ISBN 9781902937403.
- Reynolds, Tim (2007) The lithics. In: Mattingly, D. (ed.) The Archaeology of Fazzan.. London, UK: Society for Libyan Studies. pp. 432-447. ISBN 9781900971058.
- Reynolds, Tim (2006) The importance of saharan lithic assemblages. In: Mattingly, D. and McLaren, S. and Savage, E. and al_Fasawi, Y. and Gadgood, K. (eds.) The Libyan Desert. Natural Resources and Cultural Heritage. London, UK: Society for Libyan Studies. pp. 81-90. ISBN 9781900971041.
- Reynolds, Tim (2006) The palaeolithic of Niah Caves. In: Campus, A. (ed.) Enciclopedia Archaeologica. Rome, Italy: Instiuto della Enciclopedia Italia.
- Reynolds, Tim and Conneller, C. (2006) The Hill Row doles core. In: Evans, C. and Hodder, I. (eds.) A woodland archaeology: neolithic sites at Haddenham. Cambridge, UK: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research. pp. 34-35. ISBN 9781902937311.